Category: Drug Information

Jonathan Neal

Medicare Part D Substitution: What You Can and Can't Swap Under Current Rules

Understand how Medicare Part D substitution works in 2025 - what drugs can be swapped, how formularies control your choices, and how the $2,000 out-of-pocket cap changes everything. Know your rights and protect your health.

Jonathan Neal

Switching from Brand to Generic Medication: What You Need to Know

Switching from brand-name to generic medication saves money without sacrificing effectiveness for most people. Learn when it's safe, when to be cautious, and what to watch for after the switch.

Daniel Whittaker

Crossover Trial Design: How Bioequivalence Studies Are Structured

Crossover trial design is the gold standard for bioequivalence studies, using each participant as their own control to reduce variability and lower costs. Learn how 2x2 and replicate designs work, when to use them, and why washout periods matter.

Daniel Whittaker

Current Drug Shortages: Which Medications Are Scarce Today in 2025

As of 2025, over 270 medications remain in short supply in the U.S., including IV fluids, chemotherapy drugs, antibiotics, and ADHD medications. Learn which drugs are hardest to find, why shortages persist, and what patients and providers can do.

Jonathan Neal

How to Follow Professional Society Safety Updates on Medications

Learn how to track and act on official medication safety updates from ISMP, FDA, ASHP, and WHO. Stop missing critical alerts and start preventing errors before they happen.

Daniel Whittaker

Goldenseal and Metformin Interaction Risks for Blood Sugar Control

Goldenseal may reduce metformin absorption, raising blood sugar risk in type 2 diabetes. Clinical studies show a dose-dependent interaction that can undermine treatment-especially at low metformin doses. Don't risk your glucose control with herbal supplements.

Jonathan Neal

Tramadol and Serotonin Syndrome: What You Need to Know About This Dangerous Interaction

Tramadol can cause serotonin syndrome even at normal doses, especially when taken with antidepressants. Unlike other opioids, it boosts serotonin levels-making it uniquely dangerous. Learn the signs, risks, and safer alternatives.

Daniel Whittaker

Metformin Myths and Facts: Tolerability, B12, and Long-Term Use

Metformin remains the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, but myths about stomach issues, B12 loss, and long-term safety persist. Here’s what the science really says about tolerability, vitamin B12, and using metformin for years.

Jonathan Neal

DPP-4 Inhibitors and Pancreatitis Risk: What You Need to Know

DPP-4 inhibitors help manage type 2 diabetes but carry a small risk of pancreatitis. Learn the symptoms, who's at risk, and how these drugs compare to newer alternatives like SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists.

Jonathan Neal

Import Inspections: How the FDA Monitors Drugs Entering the U.S.

The FDA inspects millions of drug shipments entering the U.S. each year using risk-based screening, lab testing, and strict compliance rules. Learn how the system works, who gets flagged, and what’s changing in 2025.